Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is the term used to describe the quality of air within and around buildings, which directly impacts the health and comfort of occupants. Understanding and managing common indoor pollutants is crucial for reducing health risks associated with indoor air quality. Immediate health effects of indoor air pollutants can manifest shortly after exposure or even years later. Symptoms may include eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. These effects are usually short-term and treatable by eliminating exposure to the source of pollution. Some individuals may experience exacerbation of diseases like asthma following exposure to indoor pollutants. Long-term exposure to indoor air pollutants can lead to severe health issues such as respiratory diseases, heart disease, and cancer. It is advisable to enhance indoor air quality in homes, even if symptoms are not immediately noticeable. Indoor air pollution primarily stems from sources that release gases or particles into the air, exacerbated by inadequate ventilation that fails to dilute indoor emissions or expel pollutants. Pollutant sources can range from fuel-burning appliances, tobacco smoke, building materials, household products, to outdoor sources like radon and pesticides. Improperly maintained sources can emit hazardous levels of pollutants, with some releasing contaminants continuously while others do so intermittently. Pollutants can linger in the air for extended periods, impacting indoor air quality. Insufficient outdoor air entering indoor spaces can lead to the accumulation of pollutants, causing health and comfort issues. Buildings with limited ventilation mechanisms are at a higher risk of indoor pollutant buildup. Outdoor air can enter buildings through infiltration, natural ventilation, or mechanical ventilation, with the air exchange rate determining how effectively outdoor air replaces indoor air. To address indoor air quality concerns, it is essential to identify pollutant sources, improve ventilation, and monitor air exchange rates. Understanding the impact of indoor air pollutants is crucial for maintaining a healthy indoor environment.